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Jakow Trachtenberg
Jakow Trachtenberg (17 June 1888 – 1953) was a Russian mathematician who developed the mental calculation techniques called the Trachtenberg system. He was born in Odessa, in the Russian Empire (today Ukraine). He graduated with highest honors from the Mining Engineering Institute in St. Petersburg and later worked as an engineer in the Obukhov arms factory. While still in his early twenties, he became Chief Engineer with 11,000 men under his supervision. The Tsarist government gave him the responsibility of supervising the formation of a well-developed navy.
After the Russian Revolutions of 1917, Trachtenberg fled to Germany where he became critical of Nazi policies. He was imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. He developed his system of mental arithmetic during his imprisonment. He later fled to Switzerland.
==Early life==
Trachtenberg was a dedicated pacifist. When war broke out in 1914 he was instrumental in organising a society known as the Society of Good Samaritans. The idea was to train Russian students to take care of the wounded. This also had a special recognition from the Czar. He was against violence of any sort, despite having a leading position in Tsarist arms production. He refused to accept defeat even under trying conditions.
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